Essay on Social Disorganization Theory - 2441 Words

â€Å"SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION THEORY† Written by Andrew Lien amp; Henry Nunnery J201 Section: 23607 Theoretical Foundations of Criminal Justice Policies Tuesdays, 06:00P-08:40P Instructor: Mark T. Berg, Ph.D. The main assumption of Social Disorganization Theory is the ability to explain why crime committed by lower class communities is more prominent than neighborhoods from communities in better economic areas. This theory is the relationship of the destabilization of urban communities and neighborhoods through Shaw and McKay’s study (Quoted in Siegal, 2010) that used the analysis of Ernest Burgess’s Concentric Zones Model. This model generates ideas that the closer to â€Å"zone 2†, individuals in a community have more stress factors†¦show more content†¦Lander used the Baltimore juvenile court to use as the center of his research to come to his conclusions (Walker, 2009). The Social Disorganization Theory evolved further when, David Bordua started his research in 1959 trying to replicate Lander’s research. His goal was to clear up criticism brought forth from Lander’s outcomes during his research study. Lander and Bordua were trying to prove identical outcomes with their study however; they used a couple of different variables to get their findings. For example, Lander used foreign born and non-white individuals for his study who also were homeowners, while Bordua used everyone in the population and included people who rented their home. Another difference is that Lander was using a census from the 1940s’ while Bordua chose to do his research based on the 1950s’ census. Bordua used the data from the Detroit, Michigan juvenile court as the basis of his research. He ended up with the same general conclusions as Lander’s 1954 research and mostly contradictory to Shaw and McKay’s 1954 studies. Bordua found a relationship between overcrowded areas and juvenile delinquency, not necessarily was crime based on below standard housing. He also concluded that income did not play a significant role of the indicators of delinquency, but being foreign born did have a high correlation with delinquency. (Walker, 2009). Social Disorganization Theory expanded onceShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Social Disorganization893 Words   |  4 Pages In 1942, the theory of social disorganization was developed by two criminology researchers by the name of Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay. Social disorganization theory focuses on a person physical and social environments are what causes their behavioral choices. This means that if a person is placed in a neighborhood where there is a high crime rate, or the neighborhood is not dynamic, this can cause them to participate in such crimes, or make the wrong behavioral choices within the youth. InRead MoreSocial Disorganization Theory 922 Words   |  4 Pages Social disorganization theory is a perspective on crime and deviance that examines the community and how it influences crime. Overtime there have been several school shootings and other crime on college campuses throughout the US. People have been left wondering how such crimes can happen in an educational community. Barton, Jensen, and Kaufman break down the variables that go into a college community such as Greek life, race, and age in their article â€Å"Social Disorganization Theory and The CollegeRead MoreThe Theory of Social Disorganization701 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Disorganization Summary paper Social disorganization refers to the failure of group members to collaborate and accomplish objectives or tackle issues. Social disorganization normally alludes to a group or society described by the absence of social control. This brings about an absence of an effective functioning integration between personal maladjustment, conflicting social attitudes, and conflicting interests among group members (Goode, 2008). Criminologists and social researchers focusRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Disorganization Theory908 Words   |  4 Pages Among the different explanations proposed, there is a predominant theory: the theory of social disorganization. As described by Dr. Rengifo (2009), the social disorganization theory, forwarded by Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay (1942), suggests that the variation in crime rates is linked to the weakened social integration of neighbourhoods which is a result of the presence of delinquent subcultures and structural factors on social interactions that lead to the absence of self-regulatory mechanismsRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Disorganization Theory Essay1369 Words   |  6 Pagesneighborhood. Although various theories can be used in order to explain the link between poverty and crime, the one that best fits would be social disorganization theory. Social disorganization theory is a theory, which emphasizes environmental impacts of living in neighborhoods that are high in crime and also stresses that this is the reason that criminal activity increases (Tibbetts Hemmens, 2015). The Chicago school theory is otherwise known as the theory of social disorganization as well. Chicago wasRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Disorganization Theory980 Words   |  4 Pagescomprehensive paragraphs on how social disorganization theory can inform your understanding of behavior and place, and one weakness which would find your understanding somehow lacking, and why. Then write two equally compelling paragraphs on how routine activities theory would foster your understanding, and one weakness which might leave your understanding lacking, and why. Frank Schmalleger explains the theory of social disorganization as one that depicts both social change as well as conflict, andRead MoreThe Social Disorganization Theory Is An Intriguing Theory976 Words   |  4 PagesThe Social Disorganization theory is an intriguing theory that can be seen in our society today. This theory states that â€Å"disorganized communities cause crime because informal social controls break down and criminal cultures emerge† (Cullen 6). The city of Chicago was the predominate focus upon the construction of this theory. The reasoning for this was because Chicago was the fastest growing population in the 19th century, a population starting at 5,000 in 1800 and growing to 2 million in 1900,Read MoreSocial Disorganization Theory And Crime998 Words   |  4 PagesStarz’ â€Å"Power , Social Disorganization Theory and Crime Introduction: In the television show â€Å"Power†, organized crime is the most prevalent form of crime displayed. Organized crime can be defined as a methodically unlawful activity for profit on a city-wide. interstate and worldwide scale. The act of engaging in criminal activity as a structured assembly is called racketeering in the United States. The premise of this project is to research social disorganization theory as it pertains to the televisionRead MoreThe Social Disorganization Theory Of Crime1141 Words   |  5 Pages One of the most important and well-studied criminological theories intended to explain and predict crime rates is social disorganization theory (Sampson 2012). The social disorganization theory of crime was originally articulated by Shaw and McKay (1942) to explain differences in neighborhood crime rates among juvenile delinquents in concentric zones in the Chicago metropolitan area. They found that some areas had consistently high crime rates and juvenile arrests over time despite population changesRead MoreCommunity And Social Disorganization Theory1858 Words   |  8 PagesCommunity and Social Disorganization In the early part of the twentieth century, some social observers criticize that â€Å"while criminal anthropologists Lombroso and Hooton focused their attention on discerning whether criminals had larger foreheads or more tattoos than non criminals, they ignored the larger changes in society that were occurring around then† (Cullen, 97). In other words, these social observers indicate that the traditional criminology, such as the biological theory, is established

What business and social problems does data center power...

1. What business and social problems does data center power consumption cause? Data center power consumption economically affects businesses and environmentally affects society. Operating costs for data centers is very expensive. In the article, Ubiquitous Green Computing Techniques for High Demand Applications in Smart Environments, the total operating costs, concerning electricity, of all data centers within the U.S. alone exceeded 7 billion dollars in 2010 (Ayala, J., Moya, J., Risco-Martà ­n, J., Sanchez, C., Zapater, M. 2012). The article then explains that data centers consumed 61 billion kilowatt-hours in 2006;the Environmental Protection Agency provided this statistic to the US Congress in a report from 2007 (Ayala, J., Moya,†¦show more content†¦A case study was performed using the PDLA which resulted in a 15% improvement in system efficiency, inpower consumption and inoperational costs. Additionally, it also resulted in 100% improvement of energy which estimates the energy consumption efficiency of a system† (Callou, Ferreira, Maciel. 2013). This translates to a substantial sustainable impact improvement by efficiently tweaking electrical input to devices within the IT infrastructure. System architects are increasingly required to report on and optimize the environmental impact of their designs (Change et al, 2012). With that in mind, perhaps designers should take into consideration the location and natural power resources available to them such as hydro, solar and wind. Using sustainable resources cuts down the carbon footprint required to drive data centers. Doing this along with other green friendly technologies could prove beneficial in the long term. The key challenge of a mixed power management solution is to determine how long the electric current resource can power the data center (Nguyen et al, 2012). There are drawbacks to using sustainable energy because of environmental factorssuch as: inclement weather, a decrease in wind, or poorly located hydro powered facilities. 3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing employees to use their personal smart phones for work? Some of the advantages of allowing employees to use their personal smart phonesShow MoreRelatedChapter 51481 Words   |  6 PagesA C T I V E S E S S I O N : O R G A N I Z AT I O N S IS GREEN COMPUTING GOOD FOR BUSINESS? Computer rooms are becoming too hot to handle. Data-hungry tasks such as video on demand, downloading music, exchanging photos, and maintaining Web sites require more and more power-hungry machines. Power and cooling costs for data centers have skyrocketed by more than 800 percent since 1996, with U.S. enterprise data centers predicted to spend twice as much on energy costs as on hardware over the next fiveRead MoreDevelopment Of Information And Communication Technology1625 Words   |  7 PagesAs the development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), the Digital Economy has begun to enter our field of vision, and it has become an important driving force of global economic and social development. This idea has been launched by OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). Due to the promotion of the digital economy, the development of human changes from the atomic process to information processing (Negroponte, 1995). 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It is not only for vehicles but also for the industries that use fossil fuels and chemicals for manufacture. The primary problem is the pollution of the air, water and the entire planet on account of fossil fuel use. Not all fossil fuel forms are harmful. For example CNG, compressed natural gas is less harmful

Health Care System Essay Sample free essay sample

In this paper there will be a brief treatment of three forces that have affected the development of the U. S health care system. It will detect whether or non these forces will go on to hold an consequence on the U. S health care system over the following decennary. This paper will besides include an extra force. which may be lead to believe to hold an impact on the wellness attention system of the state. And in conclusion this paper will measure the importance of engineering in health care. There are three major forces that have affected the development of the wellness attention system within the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Care System Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. and these forces include societal. political and economic. The first force is defined as a societal force. and during this clip in the twelvemonth of â€Å"1850 was the development of the first hos-pitals within the United States. which marked the beginning of formal organisation in the U. S† ( Williams A ; Torrens. 2010. p. 3 ) . â€Å"This peculiar force concentrated its attempts on public wellness jobs. such as epidemics and assorted acute infections that affected big sums of those persons as a consequence of hapless life conditions. such as dirty nutrients. contaminated H2O and lodging. After most of the epidemic jobs started acquiring under control. infirmaries had to now work out other major jobs such as injury and diseases which were in critical demand of surgical intervention† ( Williams A ; Torrens. 2010. p. 3 ) . The 2nd force that affected the wellness system of the U. S is defined as political. During World War II and the old ages that followed after it up to 1980 was a period of major societal and political development in the U. S wellness attention system. â€Å"After the find of antibiotics. there were betterments in medical and surgical interventions of acute diseases. which would so let the wellness system to so concentrate its attending on more chronic unwellnesss as major marks for the really first time† ( Williams A ; Torrens. 2010. p. 4 ) . Shortly before the twelvemonth of 1900 wellness attention was one time seen as a personal. household and vicinity issue. And authorities functionaries were non involved with wellness attention protection or the proviso of attention. Then in â€Å"1900 political campaigners who were running for political national office places began to alter their manner of thought and the subject of national wellness insurance for all was discussed and this place was temporarily supported by the American Medical Association† ( Williams A ; Torrens. 2010. p. 6 ) . Subsequently in 1953 a cabinet-level Department of Health. Education. and Welfare was put into topographic point within the federal authorities construction. During this period came the development of â€Å"local non-profit-making infirmaries and medical insurance programs were created under the name of bluish Cross Blue Shield. And as a portion of employee fringed benefits employers merely provided wellness insurance. which was the lone signifier of wellness insurance until the transition and the input of Medicare during the mid-1960’s† ( Williams A ; Torrens. 2010p. 6 ) . Even though local authoritiess continued to construct and run infirmaries located within assorted counties for those with low income. funding and proviso of attention was still minimum. So without the engagement of province and federal authoritiess Medicare so decided that this type of wellness insurance would be made available to everyone in the United States who were 65 and up. through a simple national insurance that was managed by the authorities. The 3rd force this paper observes is the economic force. In 1980 to show there was a great motion of people going more involved in their wellness and wellness attention had increased. With the cyberspace available society was now able to entree information and educate themselves on assorted chronic unwellnesss and how these unwellnesss could be perchance prevented. Persons now have entree to information of how to fix fitter repasts. exercising techniques and wellness insurance coverage programs that is right for them. These three forces will go on to hold an consequence on the wellness attention system of the U. S. because some persons may hold certain cultural beliefs about acquiring attention from a physician and others may hold certain economic circumstance that prevents them from acquiring the proper wellness attention they may necessitate. Examples of this would be non holding entree to a vehicle or public transit if the nearest infirmary is located further off from the place. n o cellular device to remind them of of import assignment day of the months and other find it really hard to wait in long lines to have services that are offered to them. An extra force that could hold an consequence on the wellness attention system of the state would be the Obama attention. This is a Universal wellness attention reform that would profit everyone across the state. including those with preexistent conditions and those that have trouble obtaining the proper medical attending that they need. I believe that with this type of wellness attention it could salvage many more lives and decrease the fiscal concerns of households who have love 1s that are in demand of a particular process who may hold to go across that the provinces to hold the process done. â€Å"A hebdomad prior to July 3rd of 2012 â€Å"the Supreme Court decided in favour of the cosmopolitan health care legislative act that was passed under the Obama disposal and upheld the single authorization. But surprisingly no 1 of the conservativists decried the determination as lending to the ruin of society. grounds that President Obama is a socialist. and by and large anti-American. But conservativists have been consistent in their resistance and unfavorable judgment of cosmopolitan health care as a construct in general and particularly the jurisprudence. But their dissatisfaction with the Supreme Court determination is defective based on the occupation the justnesss are tasked with and the general way of the American society† ( Brookins. 2012. parity. 1 ) . Now this paper will measure the importance of engineering in wellness attention. Technology can be a powerful but besides really dearly-won set of services and merchandises that will hold a great impact on wellness attention out comes. With engineering playing an of import function in wellness attention it can better the recovery clip of patients and do hospital visits more accessible and every bit good let doctors to function more patients by doing the delay clip much lesser. â€Å"A few wellness attention engineerings by industrial groups are. pharmaceuticals which include biological pharmaceuticals and chemical pharmaceuticals. Medical devices such as Nondiagnostic medical equipment. diagnostic medical equipment. big graduated table imaging equipment and little graduated table imagination and diagnostic equipment. Health attention information engineering includes communications engineering. informations storage. retrieval and direction technology† ( Williams A ; Torrens. 2 010. p. 21 ) . With these type of engineerings in topographic point it helps to do the infirmary environment run more swimmingly and more expeditiously. Mentions Brookins. T. ( 2012. July 3 ) . Socialistic Journal: Obamacare. Socialist’s Journal: Obamacare. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. eurweb. com/2012/07/the-socialists-journal-obamacare/ Williams. S. J. . A ; Torrens. P. R. ( 2010 ) . Understanding Health Systems: The Organization of Health Care in the United States. In M. Staudt. A ; M.Stranz ( Eds. ) . Introduction To Health Services ( Custom ed. . pp. 3-4 ) . Mason. Ohio: Ce.